Wildfire smoke is a growing public health concern in the Western United States, particularly for individuals with cancer or a history of cancer. Judy Ou, PhD, MPH, an environmental epidemiologist at Huntsman Cancer Institute, noted that even short-term exposure to the smoke can be harmful because it contains fine particles and toxic chemicals that affect the lungs and heart.
Research indicates that wildfire smoke is especially dangerous because it contains higher concentrations of toxic chemicals not typically found in industrial or traffic-related air pollution. These chemicals are highly inflammatory and can trigger asthma, speed up blood clot formation, and spread infectious agents in the air.
Studies have linked air pollution to increased lung and heart complications in cancer patients, ranging from hospitalizations for respiratory infections and asthma to cardiovascular events like stroke and heart attacks. While research is still emerging, wildfire smoke has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. Additionally, a prior study found that proximity to wildfires was associated with an increased risk of brain cancer.
Researchers are also investigating the compounding effects of environmental factors. Chen Chen, PhD, noted that simultaneous exposure to heat and wildfire smoke can lead to higher rates of respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Furthermore, ongoing studies led by researchers such as Michelle Mendoza, PhD, and Anne Kirchhoff, PhD, are examining how smoke influences treatment response and impacts complications in breast cancer patients.
To reduce exposure, experts recommend staying indoors when air quality is poor and keeping windows and doors closed. Improving indoor air quality can be achieved by using high-efficiency HVAC filters (MERV 13 or higher), utilizing portable HEPA air purifiers that do not emit ozone, and avoiding the use of swamp coolers which bring in outdoor air.
For those who must go outside during smoky conditions, wearing a well-fitting N95 mask is advised. Dr. Ou also suggested that cancer patients and survivors exercise caution even when air quality is rated as moderate. In the event of an evacuation, individuals should maintain a 72-hour emergency kit containing necessary medications.
