According to information from the Washington Department of Health, the public should be aware of how to interact with environments where fentanyl may be present. The guidance is intended for individuals who might encounter fentanyl pills, powder, liquid, or smoke in public spaces, but it is not intended for first responders like police, firefighters, or emergency medical services.
Research indicates that accidental secondhand exposure to fentanyl smoke, powder, or residue in public settings is extremely unlikely to cause an overdose. Specifically, research shows that fentanyl use on public transit, such as buses and trains, does not produce enough air contamination to cause an overdose in passengers. Additionally, there is no evidence of first responders experiencing overdoses from secondhand exposure, and there are no confirmed cases of overdose from touching fentanyl powder or pills.
If individuals encounter suspected drug paraphernalia, they are advised to leave the area immediately and contact law enforcement or a facility manager. People should not attempt to clean up the area or take possession of the materials. If fentanyl powder is found on clothing, the guidance suggests using a non-alcoholic wet wipe or wetting the area before laundering.
While skin absorption of fentanyl is possible through constant direct contact over hours or days, officials recommend avoiding touching the substance entirely. Skin absorption may be increased by excessive sweating, bleach, or alcohol-based hand sanitizers. To reduce health impacts from smoke in public settings, the guidance suggests opening windows and doors.
Employers should consult guidance from Washington Labor & Industries before attempting to clean a space containing evidence of fentanyl. Separate guidance is available for employees who may come into contact with the substance in a workplace setting.
