Researchers at the University of Utah are investigating how extreme heat and rising ozone levels impact the health of families, particularly in underserved communities where environmental risks are most acute. This research follows a period of intense summer heat in Salt Lake County, where recent atmospheric measurements have shown ozone concentrations reaching levels that are unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Current Air Quality Conditions
The study of environmental health comes at a critical time for Salt Lake County. As of August 6, 2026, the Utah Department of Environmental Quality reported that Salt Lake County was experiencing ozone levels of 0.081 ppm, a concentration classified as unhealthy for sensitive groups. During the same period, temperatures reached 96 degrees Fahrenheit, with PM 2.5 particulate matter levels recorded at 20.6 µg/m3.
The Impact of Ozone
Daniel Mendoza, a research associate professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Utah, is working to bridge the gap between atmospheric data and the lived experiences of residents. Mendoza noted that ozone is particularly dangerous because it essentially causes a sunburn in the lungs, which can severely impact both respiratory and cardiovascular health. Ozone is not emitted directly into the air but forms when pollutants react in the presence of sunlight and heat.
Efficacy of Cool Zones
Mendoza's research focuses on finding actionable solutions for those most at risk. One area of focus is the effectiveness of "cool zones," such as public libraries and recreation centers, which serve as environmental refuges. A study conducted by Mendoza's team at the Millcreek Library found that these locations not only provide relief from heat through air conditioning but also reduce exposure to atmospheric ozone by approximately 80% compared to the outdoors.
Accessibility Challenges
Despite the success of these refuges, Mendoza has expressed concern regarding their current accessibility. Many cool zones currently close around 2 or 3 p.m. and are not open on weekends, which limits their effectiveness during the hottest parts of the day. Mendoza has advocated for extending the operating hours of these centers to ensure they provide maximum protection to the public when ozone and heat levels are at their peak.
Economic and Educational Costs
The researcher has also highlighted the economic and social consequences of poor air quality on education. On days when the Air Quality Index reaches "orange" or "red" levels, students are frequently sent home from school due to respiratory symptoms. Mendoza noted that this repeated absenteeism can lead to lower graduation rates and decreased college enrollment, ultimately reducing a city's tax base. He estimated that increased school absences can cost a city approximately $500,000 annually in terms of reduced workforce, education, and healthcare costs.
Legislative Action
To combat these issues, Mendoza has worked with state legislators to implement preventative health measures in schools. In collaboration with State Representative Mark Wheatley, D-Salt Lake City, chair of the Utah Asthma Task Force, Mendoza helped pass legislation making Utah the 14th state to require emergency asthma inhalers in a single school. This allows students to use rescue inhalers and remain in class rather than being sent home, mitigating both health and economic impacts.
Environmental Justice Efforts
Mendoza's work also emphasizes the need for environmental justice, noting that the benefits of environmental discussions often fail to reach the communities most impacted by pollution. He observed that many environmental meetings are held east of State Street and conducted only in English, often focusing on solutions like electric vehicles that may not be accessible to all socioeconomic groups. To address this, Mendoza has organized outreach events west of State Street in both Spanish and English to provide actionable solutions, such as furnace filter exchanges and LED light bulb programs.
